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| Barbary sheep and dogs on C-Ware bowl, Gebelein (?), Naqada IA-IIB period |
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| Cylinder seal impression with goat, ram and shrine, Khafajeh, 3350-2900 BC |
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| Fragment of ivory from Tomb of Den, Umm el-Qaab (Abydos), 1st Dynasty period |
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| Comb made of hippopotamus ivory from Tomb of Djet, Umm el-Qaab (Abydos), ca. 2980 BC |
According to The Sumerian king list, Etana, "the shepherd, who went up (or down) to An (𒀭) and consolidated Kur Kur (𒆳𒆳)," became king
Sumerian: Kur = mountain
The name Gebelein means "two mountains," "two rocky hills" in Arabic
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| Tag (P002208), Uruk, ca. 3350-3200 BC |
AN |SZU2.EN~a| (cover.lord) DARA4~a1 (red) KU6~a (fish) |
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| Gebelein painted linen, Gebelein, ca. 3600 BC |
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| Gebelein painted linen, Gebelein |
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| Cylinder seal with "ring-post," Nuzi (?), ca. 3300-2900 BC |
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| Gebelein painted linen, Gebelein |
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| Petroglyph of a boat and a bull at HK61A in Hierakonpolis |
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| Cylinder seal impression with a boat and a bull, Uruk, ca. 3300-2900 BC |
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| Gebel el-Arak Knife (front), Gebel el-Arak (?), ca. 3600-3300 BC |
The antediluvian section is not an original part of The Sumerian king list but was added later.
The Sumerian king list was created from the ancient Egyptian artifacts and on-site survey. The list of antediluvian kings seems to be created from the Libyan Palette.
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| Libyan Palette (back), Abydos, ca. 3200-3000 BC |
According to The Sumerian king list, dDumu-zi(d) "the shepherd" is listed as the fifth king before the flood.
The fifth animal on the Libyan Palette (from right to left, top to bottom) is a lion.
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| Gebel el-Arak Knife (back), Gebel el-Arak (?) |
In use for over 500 year (Naqada IIA - Dynasty 1), the center of HK29A (Ceremonial Center) at Hierakonpolis underwent several renovations, and the structure was composed in part of a walled, oval courtyard 45m long and 13m wide, on the south side of which was a monumental gateway framed by four enormous wooden pillars of acacia wood and the eight smaller ones (arranged in 2 rows).
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| Stone chisel, ca. 3000-2750 BC |
Elam was written with the proto-cuneiform NIM~a  (high, east) |
| (NIM was never used by Elamite scribes when they wrote in Elamite) |
According to The Sumerian king list, En-me-barage-si, "who made the land of Elam submit," became king.
Gate = Sumerian: kan4 
(Akkadian: bābu)
E-ana = Sumerian: É-AN.NA 
According to The Sumerian king list, Kiš was defeated; its kingship to E-ana was carried.
E-ana = HK29A (Ceremonial Center) at Hierakonpolis
The trash pits of HK29A contained thousands (37,500) of animal bones deriving from domestic livestock and fish as well as a diverse array of wild animals. The volume of bones, the presence of all elements of the skeletons and the debris from the sharpening of flint knives combine to suggest that large numbers of animals were butchered at this site. The high quality cattle, young sheep and goats and the large fish, many over 1 m in length, indicate feasting formed a large part of the festivities; however, the wild animals, including crocodile, soft-shell turtle, hippopotamus, gazelle, barbary sheep and various carnivores imply something more than just fine dining.
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| Plaque of banquet scene, Mesopotamia, 2700-2600 BC |
References:
https://ponda.org/object/C-01092024/04/29 Takahiko Nakagawa